Django Rest Framework

将数据库数据序列化为前端所需要的格式，并返回

将前端发送的数据反序列化为模型类对象，并保存到数据库中

创建serializer对象

• serializer构造方法：Serializer(instance=None, data=empty, **kwargs)
• 序列化：将模型类对象传入instance参数
• 反序列化：将要被反序列化的数据传入data参数
• 额外数据：context参数serializer = AccountSerializer(account, context={"request": request})

通过context添加的数据，可以通过Serializer对象的context属性获取

序列化

from rest_framework import serializers
from app01 import models


class CommentSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Comment
        fields = "__all__"
        extra_kwargs = {
            "content": {"error_messages": {"required": "评论内容不能为空"}},
            "article": {"error_messages": {"required": "文章不能为空"}}
        }


class SchoolSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.School
        fields = "__all__"

视图

from rest_framework.views import APIView


class SchoolView(APIView):
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        query_set = models.School.objects.all()
        ser_obj = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializer(query_set, many=True)
        return Response(ser_obj.data)


class SchoolDetail(APIView):
    def get(self, request, pk, *args, **kwargs):
        obj = models.School.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
        ser_obj = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializer(obj)
        return Response(ser_obj.data)

使用rest formwork自带混合类方法

from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView  # 公共类
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, CreateModelMixin  # 混合类必须与公共类配合使用


class SchoolView(GenericAPIView, mixins.ListModelMixin):  # 查看学校列表
    queryset = models.School.objects.all()
    serializer_class = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializer

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)


class SchoolDetail(GenericAPIView, mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.CreateModelMixin):  
    # 创建，与具体查出某一条记录
    queryset = models.School.objects.all()
    serializer_class = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializer

    def get(self, request, pk, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.retrieve(request, pk, *args, **kwargs)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)

路由

url(r'school/$', views.SchoolView.as_view()),
url(r'school/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.SchoolDetail.as_view())，

使用rest formwork自带的通用类方法

from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView, ListCreateAPIView, RetrieveUpdateAPIVie


class SchoolView(ListCreateAPIView):  # 创建
    queryset = models.School.objects.all()
    serializer_class = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializer


class SchoolDetail(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):  # 更新
    queryset = models.School.objects.all()
    serializer_class = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializer

路由同上

使用rest formwork自带的封装所有放的类，代码量最少，功能最全

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet  # 里面封装了操作的所有方法，增删改查查


class SchoolView(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = models.School.objects.all()
    serializer_class = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializer

路由

url(r'school/$', views.SchoolView.as_view(actions={
    "get": "list",
    "post": "create",
})),

url(r'school/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.SchoolView.as_view(actions={
    'get': 'retrieve',
    'put': 'update',
    'patch': 'partial_update',
    'delete': 'destroy'
})),

高级路由

from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter


router = DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'school', views.SchoolView)
urlpatterns += router.urls